The Anti Colonialism And Postcolonialism - 1020 Words

Anti-colonialism and postcolonialism are two words closely related but different in meaning. Anti-colonialism is the act of trying to drive out the colonizer from the native home land. In films, anti-colonialism is an apology for colonialism in that the colonizers are portrayed as evil and wrongdoers. Postcolonialism, however, is not an apology at all because at this point it is too late to apologize. Postcolonialism is defined as the period of time after the colonizers have left and control of the native lands has returned to the indigenous peoples. Postcolonialism deals with the cultural legacy of colonialism and is more in the context of our world today, not the American frontier. Avatar is an anti-colonial film because colonization is taking place in the film while Like Water for Chocolate is a postcolonial film because it is in the context of the period after colonialism, although colonialism is still alluded to. Avatar’s plot is built upon the concept of borders betwee n dual worlds. The protagonist, Jake Sully, goes back and forth between these two worlds through the use of his artificial body. Sully is hybrid because he is essentially split between two worlds as he cannot simultaneously be conscious in both bodies at once. He isn t necessarily hybrid by the end of the film though because he chooses the Na’vi culture and leaves his old life behind. Grace, a scientist who arrived on Pandora far before the avatar team, is another example of a hybrid character. Grace,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Cultural Erasure, Inequality And Violence1791 Words   |  8 PagesPostcolonialism: The Concept of Cultural Erasure, Inequality and Violence Colonization can be dated back to 1492 with the Spanish venture led by Columbus. 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You choose the topic Example

Essays on You choose the topic Essay Number: Lecturer: BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico: Impact on Small business and compensation Introduction The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is touted as the world’s biggest oil industry disaster to happen in the marines. It begun on the evening of 20th April 2010 on a BP-owned Transocean operated Macondo Prospect. It started as a gas leak that caused an explosion of an oil rig and eventual sinking causing a sea-floor oil gush for eighty-seven days before being contained. It is estimated that 4.9 million barrels of oil were discharged causing an environmental disaster on both marine and wildlife habitats. Fishing and tourism industry was and are still the biggest casualty to date with extensive damage reported (Kinver, 1). Despite being contained, the surface effect still is felt to date. The length of shoreline that was damaged stretches far along beaches of a number of states from Tampa Bay in Florida to Texas. The spill directly affected about 68,000 square miles (180,000km ²). It had washed up the coastlines of Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama by early June 2010. Subsequently it reached Texas over a thousand miles away and sipping through the sand along the coast. It made natural life amongst creatures unbearable causing severe organ damage, death and being born with deformities. This paper considers the effects of this disaster economically and specifically on small businesses that were affected in general. It might not touch specifics in some but the overall picture of the disaster. The small businesses that we are looking at are those operating oil and gas industry, marine-related tourism and fishing. BP established a $20 billion Oil Spill compensation liability trust fund to compe nsate individuals and businesses affected by the oil spill (Dymond, 1). i) Oil and gas industry Effects The business suffered in terms of a moratorium and regulatory changes. Initially, the industry was on an upswing due to heightened drilling activities arising from dramatic oil prices increases. Onshore wells in Louisiana had extensively been exploited; hence developers began to consider offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico. In the mid-1990s, small oil companies 12,500 were producing oil. Hence, small oil companies were pivotal in offshore development. It led to their proliferation to support offshore activities offering specialized equipment and skills and hence gained an advantage by patenting their products. By 2009, Louisiana was the nation’s third-largest in total energy production creating more than 320,000 jobs in oil and gas industry and related sectors. This significantly provided revenue to other industries and even attracting fishermen during off-peak seasons. Companies supporting oil and gas industry have had to innovate due to changing nature, location and technological advancements in offshore drilling. Currently, support businesses in this sector vary in size from family-owned outfits to large international companies. They are involved in exploration, extraction (production), refinement, and distribution. Each phase requires a variety of support services and associated factors, hence different moratoria. The involvement of small business in oil and gas industry in the Gulf is more pronounced in offshore supply services, environmental consulting, geographical/seismic services, underwater constructions, and dredging. Many self-help contractors were involved in the transportation of supplies and personnel to offshore rigs and platforms. Providing supplies and catering services are also competitive services available. Small businesses are involved in small highly specialized fabrication yards, but not rig contracting or large scale fabrication due to the need for substantial capital investment. When the disaster occurred, the federal government announced a six-month suspension of all pending, current or approved offshore drilling operations of new deep-water wells off the coast of Mexico. Through the Bureau of Ocean Energy, Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE), new regulation requirements for offshore oil and gas drilling activity were instituted. Permitting was actions required for drilling were halted for all permits, be it shallow or deep water. Those who were in the process in permitting had to be stopped except those which were already producing oil. A moratorium of six months was announced on all exploratory drilling in depths greater than five hundred feet. It resulted in the closure of thirty-six rigs operating in the area. In general, it affected shallow-water drilling permit approval rates, meaning that associated small businesses were all affected. Some companies terminated contracts other renegotiated leases, and active rigs drastically reduced. The rate of use of offshore support vessel went down alongside pay rates for support services both before and after the moratorium (U.S. Small Business Administration, 45). Compensation During the recovery, many factors came into play when engaging third parties in the clean-up exercise. It created jobs for those which would be able to provide the right logistical requirements and capacity, those who didn’t, had no work. In this form of business very few received compensation from loss of jobs but many applications were rejected outright (U.S. Small Business Administration, 54). ii) Commercial fishing Effects Commercial fishing is a significant industry in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2009, 1.2 billion pounds of seafood were landed at the ports of Louisiana valued at about $274 million. In Mississippi, fishermen landed about 230 million pounds, 28.9 million in Alabama valued at $38 and $39 million respectively. These three States led the nation in fishing of oysters (70%), shrimp (47%) and blue crab (31%). The processing and distribution of seafood are important for these states’ economies generating $8.7 billion between 2000 and 2010. The plants establishments in these States are about 130 employing over sixty-five hundred employees in the Gulf region. Commercial and distribution of seafood in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere involve both full-time and part-time employment. Temporary work, piece-work, and seasonal work are common arrangements in certain sectors of the fishing industry. It has both skilled work and non-skilled to either manage fishing in the long-term engagements or hand laborers on a short-term basis. Those engaged on piece rate or temporary basis work on a rotational basis between fishing and regional agricultural farms. Seasonal work support youth locally and young adults of all ethnicities on cash-based arrangements. Small seafood wholesale, fishermen, and retail business and any other related business transact business on a cash basis. From a cultural perspective, ethnic minorities in the seafood industry often share labor, seafood, and fiscal resources. Such informal processes mean that many participants lack full documentation for labor hours and income. This situation complicates claims processes associated with the oil spill (Mervin, 1). Through the collaboration with various decision-making agencies and processes, large areas of federal and state jurisdiction waters were closed. These are areas where commercial and recreational fishing activities used to happen. The closures were as a result of highly dynamic situations or some regulated in terms of opening and closing, sometimes on short notice. It was necessitated by the fact that risks needed to be mitigated in seafood contamination reaching the marketplace with about 37% of federal waters under lock-down. Some minimal fishing was allowed to keep people in harvesting, processing, distribution, and commercial and recreational support sectors across the region. Fishery closures and the eventual engagement of fishery participants in paid oil clean-up meant diminished harvest levels in the affected region. It impacted small businesses indirectly or directly involved in the seafood production value-chain. Uncertainties about the safety of seafood consumption after fishing was reopened persisted for some time with buyers avoiding supplies from this region. This affected everybody in the entire industry process and it was estimated that it would take at least five years for full recovery in consumption to be realized. Fishing production fell to 186 million pounds from a year average as the aftermath of the spill from the previous average of 252 million. It also had an effect of putting many people out of employment or the engagement hours drastically reduced (U.S. Small Business Administration, 60). Compensation The company engaged initially in the clean-up activities to maintain a household income means when fishing was rolled back due to area closure. Not all fishermen were qualified, though, to participate in the clean-up, not all were logistically proximate to clean-up areas or willing to participate. Several ways of compensation and mitigation of the after-effects were employed. The process through which claims were settled evolved over time. The authority overseeing the process of claims and claimants, and the requirements for documentation evolved as the magnitude of losses suffered and claims become clearer. An initial round of $5,000 advance checks for emergency purposes was widely distributed to spill-affected claimants (Kelly, 1). The process was tedious as it required one to demonstrate spill-induced loss of earning or profit, damages to property, loss of livelihood, and physical injury. The claims were administered in four parts; Emergency Advance Payments (EAPs), Interim Payment, Quick Final Payment, and Full Review Final Payment. EAPs compensate up to six months of seasonally adjusted lost income/profit with minimal documentation. Those injured applied for Interim on a quarterly basis and Final payments. Quick Final Payments were offered to those who claimed EAPs or Interim. Individuals received $5,000 and businesses received $25,000. This compensation method did not last for so long as the agency concerned was dissolved due to inaccuracies in compensation and a court-managed process was created (U.S. Small Business Administration, 70). iii) Tourism Effects Marine-related tourism in the Gulf of Mexico is multi-faceted with region receives visitors from around the nation to participate in a variety of activities. They include beach-going, eco-tourism, wildlife viewing, various water sports, and recreational fishing. Consumption of local seafood is very important, and thousand of local businesses support or facilitate such activities. Mississippi and Alabama beaches receive visitors from northern states during winter months and visitors from southern states during summer months. New Orleans is a year-round popular destination. The region is popular for conferences and conventions, and entertainment locations with franchised businesses. Recreational fishing, hunting, and other outdoor activities are popular. As discussed earlier, about 37% of federal waters and 85% of state waters were closed from fishing at the peak of the disaster. It affected all kinds of recreational fishing, swimming advisories were announced and beach closures due to unwarranted conditions. Spill-related processes and events impacted the marine-related tourism industry. Due to media coverage of the events during the oils spill, far-reaching damaging consequences were felt resulting wide-spread cancelation of hotel bookings. Activities in marine-related tourism diminished, instead choosing to visit East Coast (U.S. Small Business Administration, 100). Compensation As it were with recovery efforts to fishing, spill response activities were started by engaging charter operators in marketing and promotional efforts, earning income to hitherto idol capacity. They would have struggled in business, but it does not mean that they were earning as it were with their normal business operations. In this sector, though, the formal compensation was dissatisfactory to them as concerning payment schedule. There was reported difficulty in reimbursing damaged equipment and decontamination of vessels as at the conclusion of the program. In fact, others were never reimbursed at all though their participation in the recovery efforts and resultant compensation was satisfactory (U.S. Small Business Administration, 108). Conclusion Despite the compensation and clean-up exercise that were conducted four years ago, full recovery has not been realized. Environmental impact is still under careful research as it still has an effect on seafood contamination and wildlife wellbeing. It is still expected that the impact will still be there for some time to come. This study touched on important kinds and patterns of economic and social impact on the communities along the seashore. It follows a coherent pattern of study that can be done and impact studied more carefully in the future. The understanding of the topic will inform any future research and if such kind of a disaster can happen then, it will be the starting point of major studies to come (U.S. Small Business Administration, 121). Works Cited Dymond, J. 3 March 2012. â€Å"BP oil spill: Louisiana ruin remains.† BBC. Web. 21 April 2015 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-17186786 Kelly, J. 18 April 2014. â€Å"Compensation battle rages four years after BPs U.S. oil spill.† Reuters. Web. 21 April 2015 http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/18/us-usa-spill-aftermath-insight-idUSBREA3H0AA20140418 Kinver, M. 20April 2011. â€Å"BP oil spill: The environmental impact one year on.† BBC. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-13123036 Mervin, J. 20 April 2011. â€Å"Counting the cost of the BP disaster one year on.† BBC. Web 21 April 2015 http://www.bbc.com/news/business-13120605 U.S. Small Business Administration. â€Å"Small Business Impacts Associated with the 2010 Oil Spill and Drilling Moratorium in the Gulf of Mexico.† U.S. Small Business Administration. November 2013. Web 21 April 2015. https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/rs417tot.pdf

Financialisation and Conceptual Framework

Question: Discuss sbout the Financialisation and Conceptual Framework. Answer: Introduction: The current report is based on the critical evaluation of the company performance in respect of the financial areas. The current report is based on the creation of game for entertaining and engaging the players. The objective of this game is to provide users with the fundamental knowledge of economics and offering a feeling that business can at times is fun. The objective of ARC is to test the current game, developing new a new game, testing the developed gamed by conducting surveys revolving around the game. For ARC ltd, information forms the vital part of their business as they involve making the use of surveys so that it can improve the performance of the game and business simultaneously (Ebert et al., 2014). The company aims to provide extensive amount of benefits to the users for the purpose of refreshment. The report will emphasis on the financial parameters such as profit and loss statement cash flow, productivity and balance sheet. The report undertakes the trend of change in the cost and profit along with the gross margin reported over the period of five years (Schaper et al., 2014). Furthermore, the report provides an in depth analysis of the several cost associated with the production of the game. It will further provide the analysis of the trend in the operating profit reported by the company along with the key identification of the critical issues affecting the business and suggested matrices to improve the performance of the company. Critical evaluation of the company performance: ARC limited is scheduled to incur sales of 56.18 for the first financial year with cost of sales being 25.26. The gross profit for the projected first year is 30.92 (Colman, 2016). The profit and loss statement consists of the fixed overheads of 66.93 with promotion cost being 166.00 and research and development cost of 10.70. Upon analysis, it is found that the company incurs an operating loss of 303.21 with pre-tax loss of 369.84. Comparatively in the second year, the company reported sales revenue of 933.93 million with cost of sales being 654.72. Overheads costs represented a fixed overhead of 57.93 in comparison to the first year fixed overhead cost of 66.93. The operating loss reported has relatively come down to 97.80 million from a previous loss of 303.21 million (Henderson et al., 2013). In subsequent year, high sales revenue has been reported by the ARC ltd of 3722.69 with cost of sales being 2894.11 for the year. In comparison to the second year, the company has reported a higher gross profit of 424.13 million, which was relatively higher than the last year of 279.21 million. For the fourth and fifth year ARC ltd projected sales is 2637.01 and 3722.69 respectively (Thomas et al., 2014). The gross profit accounted for 828.58 million with 840.36 for the fourth and fifth year respectively. Narrowing its loss from the third year the company reported the pre-tax profit of 161.00 million, which again fell negative in the subsequent year to -146.53 million. The balance sheet represented a fixed cost of asset being 630.00 after accumulated depreciation of 70.00. The current assets reported consisted of stock value of 443.41 million with debtors and bank balance of 127.32 million. In the second year, the value of asset fell due to the high cost of depreciation comprising of 133.00. The current assets also relatively fell to 179.37 with value of stock was previously reported for 443.41. The total amount of asset reported were 1130.16 for the first year whereas in the second year the total asset increased to 1361.37 million (Zhang Andrew, 2014). The shareholders equity represented 500.00 with total shareholders fund found stating a negative value of 74.96 million. This is due to the fact that ARC ltd reported a net loss in its retained earnings of -574.96 million. Comparatively in the third year the fixed rose to 927.20 million while the current assets represented the stock value of 347.49 million. The bank Balance reported by ARC ltd stood 667.37 million in the second year whereas in the third year it fell to 223.36 million. The company reported a substantial increase in its bank balance during the fourth year of its operation, which can be mainly attributed due to its increase in sales revenue (Weil et al., 2013). This ultimately led to high amount of net current assets of 1542.27 with total amount of asset reported after deducting the current liabilities represented 2185.57. The cash flow overview provides for the first year represents material cost of 382.23 with cost of wages for the first year being 11.25. The total overhead cost represented 264.12 with high factory cost of 650.00 for the opening year. The closing bank balance reported by the company during the first year is 127.32 million with loan amount of 872.68 million (Hatten, 2015). In the second year, the direct material cost reported was lower than the first year of 376.64 million with closing bank balance of 667.37 million, which is higher than the first year. The closing bank balance provides somewhat fluctuating trend as it was found in third and fourth year the bank balance of 223.36 and 779.62. In the final year, the company had material cost of 3345.75 million with high amount of bank loan of 1178.69 million. For model Metro and Prestige, the targeted production was 27400 and 4800 respectively. The market share for Metro consisted of 0.01% while the market share for Prestige during the first year represented 0.07. The gross margin for Metro in the initial year of production consisted of 38.04 while for the prestige the gross margin was reported to be 57.48%. Comparatively in the second year, the market share increased from 0.01 to 0.88% for Metro while for Prestige the market share increased to 0.63%. The productivity level achieved for Metro represented 85.71 while for Prestige the productivity level comprised of 18.90 in the second year of operation (Mariotti Glackin, 2014). During the third year, the company introduced a new model named City, which yielded a gross margin of 26.61% and acquired a market share of 1.10%. Other models such as Prestige and Style reported a market share of 1.05 and 1.48 share represented. The gross margin for Prestige reported was 38.31% for the fourth year whereas in the fifth year, though the model gained the market share of 2.36 per cent but its gross margin fell to 28.38% due to lower units of production. On critically evaluating the performance of the ARC ltd few critical issues are found to be influencing the performance of the company. From the analysis, it is found that volume of sales did not justify the investment required for the production with total capital employed was 1,130.16 for the first year. In the subsequent year, the total amount of capital employed was 1,361.37. Over the period of five-year, the total capital employed is on a rising trend but necessary amount of sales is required to overcome the deficit in post tax profit (Iliev et al., 2015). Furthermore, the quality of the models represents under quality cost, which requires extensive amount of training cost to improve the labour productivity. Another prime issue identified is the inappropriate perception in marketing by the management. To improve the performance of the company some specific areas needs to be focused such as re-designing the specification for both its current models of Metro and Prestige. Furthermore, the organisation should cut down the training cost by increasing the salary for the workforce. Furthermore, the company can increase its output of production and the process of automation by sufficiently forecasting the target amount of sales. It can also re-allocate the marketing budget by eliminating the unnecessary cost associated with the promotion and advertisement(Gollenia, 2016). The report will also emphasis on the closing amount of bank balance reported by the company from its first year of operations along with the trend over the period of five years. Conclusion: The report provides an overall forecast of the financial performance of ARC ltd. From the analysis, it is found that there are still several areas for the company to work with their current set of models by adjusting the selling price. Furthermore, through the help of reduced training cost and increased salary the company can retain the workforce and simultaneously improve the performance. An increased productivity in its output is necessary for the company in order to improve the production level, as this will help ARC to increase its production level for each set of model. It is noteworthy to denote that the team has emphasised on notion of developing the game where players could feel the excitement and competitiveness with real attitude of business. Researching through playing lots of business games and working with brainstorming session helps in promoting team work. Perhaps, it can be mentioned that even though it is evident that there is still few areas where improvement can be done and there are large number of ideas, which can be developed in order to make the game more professional. Reference list: Colman, A. M. (2016).Game theory and experimental games: The study of strategic interaction. Elsevier. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Ebert, R. J., Griffin, R. W., Starke, F. A., Dracopoulos, G. (2014).Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada. Gollenia, L. A. (2016).Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Hatten, T. S. (2015).Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Nelson Education. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoskin, R. E., Fizzell, M. R., Cherry, D. C. (2014).Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Iliev, P., Lins, K. V., Miller, D. P., Roth, L. (2015). Shareholder voting and corporate governance around the world.Review of Financial Studies,28(8), 2167-2202. Mariotti, S., Glackin, C. (2014).Entrepreneurship and small business management. Pearson Higher Ed. Pratt, J. (2013).Financial accounting in an economic context. Wiley Global Education. Saunders, A., Cornett, M. M. (2014).Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,. Schaper, M. T., Volery, T., Weber, P. C., Gibson, B. (2014). Entrepreneurship and small business. Thomas, D. F., Gudmundson, D., Turner, K., Suhr, D. (2014). Business Plan Competitions and Their Impact on New Ventures' Business Models.Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability,10(1), 34. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Zhang, Y., Andrew, J. (2014). Financialisation and the conceptual framework.Critical perspectives on accounting,25(1), 17-26.

Mr. Bean, The Ultimate Disaster Essay Example

Mr. Bean, The Ultimate Disaster Essay Analyse, review and comment on a selected scene from Mr. Bean, The Ultimate Disaster movie directed by Mel Smith or the Thomas Crown Affair directed by John McTerban. Consider the effects of organization and structure and how the author/producers intentions are conveyed and how attitude and meanings are communicated.The purpose of this media study is to analyse and interpret the methods used by director Mell Smith in the movie: Mr. Bean, The Ultimate Disaster, during the Lift scene to create a specific impact on the viewers in terms of symbolism, miss-en-scene, cinematography and dramatic devices. The theme of this movie is basically investigating the complexity of human relationships, by showing how two absolutely opposite personalities become close to each other through a series of difficult situations, by adapting, understanding and accepting each others shortcomings.There are two main symbols that have been used throughout the film. One of them is the Bean thematic music, which i s played during the dramatic scenes, such as the revealing of the portrait of Whistlers Mother. The use of the theme music creates an atmosphere of humour and light-heartedness, which are the predominant aspects of Beans character. Whistlers Mother is a symbol used in the film that appears constantly springs up in the movie, emphasizing the virtue of family relationships in modern American life.The setting of this scene affects how Bean is perceived by the audience and it also displays his determined, adaptable, comical and creative nature. This movies setting can be worked out to be in the United States; Los Angeles Southern California during the late nineteen hundreds. The make of the cars parked in the neighborhood are fairly new and of the latest models, The costume of the museum security guard and his gun is of the type which is only found in the United States, the local dialect of the characters and their accent indicate that the setting is in the United States and the whole o f the museum and its modern, high tech security system give the impression that the movie has been filmed in the late nineteen hundreds.Throughout the Lift scene mute and advancing colours were used. The blue and black colours of the guards uniform, representing authority in the scene are the mute colours. The yellow gloves and the bright green slippers were the advancing colours used. They drew the audiences gaze towards them and it made them appear bigger and nearer. It also emphasized the ridiculousness of Mr. Beans choice of equipment is and it provokes the audience to question whether or not his mission will be successful. This highlights the unusual personality of Mr. Bean and his unorthodox ways of doing things. Any other thief would not prefer the same type of equipment as Mr. Beans.The lighting intensity during this scene remained low key and most of the screen was set in shadows. The effect of this was the creation of an atmosphere of suspense by leaving a contrast between dark and light objects on the screen. The direction of the lighting was generally from the front and there was also the frequent spotlight on the characters. The spotlight on the characters faces gave the audience a clear view of their faces, a childish look of amusement and concentration on Beans face provides a humorous effect in contrast to the worry, desperation and anger on the guards face.The quality of light remained balanced to diffuse. During the approach scene outside the museum, there was low key and soft lighting from the street lights. This helped to build up a feeling of apprehension as well as slight tension amongst the audience .It however remained that way inside the museum as well, with the soft/diffused lighting coming from the overhead and side lighting. This came from either above or from the side of the screen. The diffuse/low key lighting establishes the setting as being at night time setting.The costume of Bean during the Lift scene is a black outfit, yellow gloves, a black ski hat, white underwear (worn on the head) and stuffed animal slippers. The costume of the guard however is a blue and grey shirt and black trousers. Apart from the black outfit, the colours of Beans costume are mostly bright colours, whereas the colours of the guards costume are dark. The sharp contrast of colour of Beans accessories and the guards uniform highlights Beans immature and childish character. Further on in the scene it creates an amusing when Bean manages to avoid the security guard and escape.There are a wide range of shots provided in this scene ranging from the zoom into Beans face, the tilting/panning through the medicine cabinet, the low level shot of Bean with the egg mixer, the long shot of Bean and the guard running across in opposite directions shows the absurdity of the situation and the low eye level shot of Bean preparing the equipment shows the creative and lively gleam in Beans eyes and also portrays the immense concentration on his face while working, which again arouses speculation in the minds of the audience about Beans capability to pull the scheme off successfully.The zoom into Beans face creates suspense and high expectation. It shows that hes thinking about something and has got an idea which then creates a certain amount of tension. The long shot of the Museum cross-section gives a humorous and comical effect. It also adds dramatic/ironic effect to the humour. The high angle of Bean on the skateboard creates skepticism amongst the audience and draws attention to his vulnerability about Bean actually being able to use the skateboard and creates disbelief.There has also been the use of a variety of sounds, including visible and invisible sounds. The visible sound comes from the skateboard and the invisible sound comes from Bean calling the guard for help. The music has been made to fit in with the action and it used when the guard and Bean are running parallel to each other and Bean starts to prepare the pic ture/poster. It heightens the audiences awareness of the situation and the characters movement.Through effective use of camera angles, lighting, colour, costumes and sound, Smith has been able to manipulate the scene to create extra humorous and theatrical effects on the audience and their reaction to Beans ridiculous actions.

Cancer Prevention essays

Cancer Prevention essays Cancer Prevention Weekly Articles of Interest 1. Schools boost milk in junk-food battle: Eager to reduce the intake of junk food on their watch, some school boards in Canada have begun working around their exclusive contracts with cola giants in order to offer students milk in vending machines. 2. B.C. discovery: New way to find cancer genes: Scientists say revolutionary advances in genome science could allow people to provide their doctors with a single blood sample and have tailor-made cancer-fighting diets created to match their own genetic makeup. 3. More Evidence Vegetarian Diet May Cut Cancer Risk: Eating a meat-free, vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, new research suggests. 4. Tobacco firms found liable in Brazilian class action: British American Tobacco PLC and Philip Morris, Inc.'s Brazilian units were found liable for injuries to smokers for the first time in a class action, opening the way for millions of dollars in potential claims. 5. New young smokers a frightening trend: A newly released survey showing that smoking has increased among Albertans aged 20 to 44 is a troubling setback in the province's anti-smoking campaign. 6. Antibiotics increase breast-cancer risk: Women who use a lot of antibiotics appear to face a heightened risk of breast cancer, a new U.S. study has found. 7. Cancer studies frustrate survivor: "It's very confusing," said Steffler, a breast cancer survivor and one of the founding members of Guelph's breast cancer support group. 8. Survivor kits available from cancer foundation: The Cancer Recovery Foundation of Canada aims to help Canadians prevent and survive cancer through education and encouragement. 9. Cancer patient written off in B.C. thriving a year after treatment: A year after he was written off for dead by a cancer specialist who told him there was no point in offering aggressive treatment b ...

Tamura Toshikos A Woman Writer essays

Tamura Toshikos A Woman Writer essays The first story by Tamura Toshiko, "A Woman Writer" was incredibly upsetting. This intelligent, successful woman seems very unsatisfied and unhappy, though it would appear that she has everything that she could ever want. Looking deeper though, one sees her anguish in her marriage to a man who feels no emotion toward her, whether it be love or hate. All she receives is total indifference from this man who was her first love; a man she will always care for deeply. This void of emotion in her life has driven her into a severe writer's block, making her feel as though "no matter how hard she wrung (her brain), her bag of wits offered not so much as a single word that was alive not half a phrase that smelled of warm blood." (pg. 11) To be at a place in your life when you can't reach within yourself to find any inspiration except daydreams that do not fulfill your needs seems heartbreaking to me. The woman's use of powder also showed her displeasure with herself and the world around her. She could not be without this mask on her face, even in sleep. When she does not wear this white disguise "her emotions become jagged; she felt awful, unduly suspicious, and it showed in her expressions. Her mood deteriorated; she became sulky and lost all desire to be flirtatious." (pg. 12) She was a woman living in a world that was not reality, and she cannot express herself unless she is living in her fantasy. The problem that has occurred though, is that she is now unable to reach any of her emotions, even with her masks and temper tantrums. She finally starts to realize how truly discontented she is when she talks to her friend about each of their definitions of love. Though I don't necessarily agree with the writer's friend's conception of a true love without compromise, she does point out how easy it is to lose yourself in a relationship. The writer believes she is "worthless" in some ...

Planning the Audit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning the Audit - Coursework Example rly attributed to the fact that fraud is often strategic in nature rather than random and the auditors may sometimes fail to detect potential fraud in the low risk audit areas when there is no sufficient audit procedure. One of the major findings of the paper is that the undetected misstatements among low risks accounts are significantly more common than what is suggested by the traditional risk assessment procedures. However, the results of the research particularly suggest that prompting the auditors to consider the how the organizational management may anticipate or exploit the risk assessments of the auditors may significantly help in the reduction of the number of incidences of undetected misstatements. The other important findings of the research include that the management are often more likely to act strategically by targeting the low risk accounts in order to conceal misstatement and auditors normally fail to detect misstatements in low risk accounts. This is largely based on the assumption that auditors would override the already existing process to personally include the misstatement in the low-risk account. This research paper is critically important to the upcoming or the already established auditors in the understanding of risk based instruct in financial statements preparations. This paper instructs the auditors to focus audit attention and resources majorly on the accounts that are preferably considered to be high-risk oriented for a specified audit engagement (Bowlin 2011). One of the implications of this paper to accounting profession is induction measure into strategically low-risk accounts to disguise misstatement. The research methodology used in the research as a basis for the conclusion involved subjecting 123 participants derived from accounting students enrolled in upper-division classes to computer based simulations related to audit engagement. The students were then paired in such a way that one represented an auditor while the other a

Discuss the differences in Leadership between Men and Women Essay

Discuss the differences in Leadership between Men and Women - Essay Example In order to find out the difference in the leadership style of men and women, it is very important to investigate on the nature of the differences. Gender differences in the Communication For being a good leader, it is very important for an individual to have a strong communication skill. Good communication is considered as the most important skill which is very difficult to master. Failure in good communication results in friction and problems arising in an organization. Various situations, cultures, time, gender styles etc. affect as well as complicate the communication process. After studying the pattern of communication for many years, the linguists agree upon the facts that the gender difference is one of the reasons affecting this process. The gender differences may arise from some of the basic genetic or biological differences or as a result of difference in the cultural behavioral expectations. This difference may lead to several problems in interaction within the organizatio n. The main difference in the communication style of men and women arises due to the fact that the view the purposes of their conversations differently. According to many academic research scholars, women use the communication as an important tool for enhancing the social connections and creating relationships whereas men use this as a tool to exert dominance and finally achieve tangible outcomes (Leaper 801). Women seem to be more expressive, polite and curious in their conversations whereas men are hungry for power. Both of the aspects have a positive impact related to the leadership styles. For example, the expressive and polite nature of the women help in creating a strong relationship (as a leader) with the subordinates whereas the dominant nature of the men help in influencing the subordinates to work efficiently within an organization. Women try to be more expressive and social while interacting with others. Men give higher value to their independence. Men try to maintain the ir status as well as dominance in the relationships with the subordinates while interacting with them and do not believe in building intimate bond with them in order to have an effective leadership style. Women are found to use more tentative, polite language as compared to men especially in the situation of conflict. Research studies made on the gender differences related to the communication styles have concluded that men try to be self assertive and try to converse in such a manner that it may lead to tangible outcomes. On the other hand, women value cooperation. The next phase is finding out that how the gender differences in the leadership styles lead to the differences in their leadership styles. Differences in the Leadership Styles across the Genders It has been found that men are mainly task-oriented leaders whereas women believe in relationship-oriented leadership. The task oriented leaders are autocratic and focuses on setting the work standards, job supervision and meetin g the goals of the production. Men are generally very goal oriented in nature when it is concerned about approaching communication for the purpose of leadership. They use the method of conversation to preserve independence, achieve results and also maintain the status in

University education free of charge Essay Example for Free

University education free of charge Essay A cliche states that if you think education is expensive, try ignorance. The suggestion of free education is a noble policy that has more demerits than merits. A policy of free education creates at least three problems. These are; funding, moral hazards and limiting the roles of universities. A policy of free education for all students creates a problem of funding for universities. This is especially true in the current economic climate. The government cannot afford to soley fund universities. Thus, free education creates more economic problems for the government. For instance, if a state like California adopts such a policy for Californias public universities, a substianial part of government revenue would go into funding universities leaving little room for the government to undertake other services. Second, a policy of free education creates a moral hazard because students have no incentive to invest in their education. Individuals are more likely to commit to something that requires some sacrifice on their part. Free education demands no sacrifice. Factors such as loans and family sponsorship encourage a student to invest his education by learning because there is some one they are answerable to. However, if free education is provided to all students without any conditions, the policy would be abused. Some students may choose not to attend classes for example. Third, a policy of free education limits the role of universities as citadels of knowledge especially in the area of research. Universities receive funds and grants to undertake resarch and development from the government and private sector. Howver, if free education is provided for all students at the tertiary level, research may be limited because funds received may likely go to overhead costs such as maintenance of infrastructure and salaries. Nevertheless, the importance of education at all levels cannot be understated. The recommendation that free education should be provided for all students has a merit because education has positive consequences for a society. Holding all other factors constant, an educated society should be a prosperous and well developed one. Thus, a government may benefit from  implementing a policy of free education at the tertiary level. This is because all things being equal, the students would contribute towards the development of the society. Thus, a policy of free education may be adopted for deserving students or on a needs basis with conditions such as having a certain GPA and public service attached to it.

Classical Liberalism Essay -- Thomas Hobbs, John Locke

Definition ========== The ideology of classical liberalism is concerned with the conception of an ideal society. The term classical refers to the early form of liberalism that flourished for much of the nineteenth century. It sees human nature as essentially selfish but rational. Therefore the ideal society is one where individuals have maximum freedom to pursue their own interest in competition with everyone else. Origins ======= Origins of classical liberalism are derived from the break up of the feudal system, which allowed people more economic freedom and allowed possible the early growth of capitalism. The fusion of economic and political liberalism has produced a powerful doctrine that has influenced governments ever since. However before CL had fully matured, it was preceded by two opposing movement: Natural rights and utilitarianism. Natural Rights ============== This doctrine, developed by Thomas Hobbs and John Locke in the 16th and 17th century is fairly famous due to Hobbs unflatteringly described 'state of nature' which states without a rule of a sovereign body then society becomes a 'warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦of every man against every man' which leaves life 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'. It was argued by both that each man is born with certain rights, which are natural and cannot be denied to him by others. This includes the rights to life, liberty and to avoid pain. In order to protect these rights, man must also consent to accept control from a sovereign in order to protect these rights and if this is not accepted, they will be limited. (This could also be confused by description, as aut... ...re with the natural state of society with providing local services such as welfare and education that according to Spencer was tampering with the processes of nature. Samuel Smiles, a follower of Spencer, took this further and actually campaigned against welfare provision as it's up to individuals to make the best of their own lives according to their abilities without relying on others. Summary of Classical Liberal Ideas  · The most basic value that must be preserved in society is individual liberty  · The free working of the economic system is vital in maximising prosperity  · The state should play a minimal role in society  · Inequality is natural. Creating greater equality is an interference with nature  · On the whole, individuals are responsible for themselves and their own welfare

Black People and James Baldwin Essay

A. The theme of Baldwin’s essay is equality. He establishes this theme in his essay with the juxtaposition of a poor white man and a black man. In this essay, Baldwin speaks of how â€Å"People are continually pointing out to me the wretchedness of white people in order to console me for the wretchedness of blacks. † He says that people say that being black is not that bad because there are white people in the same situation and that there is still hope for the black because of people like Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis but it is still not something â€Å"to be regarded with complacency† because the situations of Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis are just rare. Equality in America at the time was possible with â€Å"determined will,† but still very rare. Another way James Baldwin established the theme of equality in this essay was when he mentioned the projects, more specifically, Riverton. Baldwin establishes this theme of equality through mentioning Riverton for Riverton was a physical representation of the inequality of blacks and whites in America back then. Baldwin said, â€Å"The people in Harlem know they are living there because white people do not think they are good enough to live anywhere else. † There was going to be no equality if people were told to live in certain places because of their color. Baldwin also makes this theme extremely clear when he says, â€Å"Negroes want to be treated like men. † B. The tone of the essay, Fifth Avenue, Uptown: A letter from Harlem by James Baldwin and the tone of the poem, Theme for English B by Langston Hughes are similar. They are similar for both authors show that there is hope for equality through the tone of each text. In the poem, Theme for English B, Hughes says â€Å"You are white — / yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. / That’s American. † Hughes expresses that although he may be the only black person in his class, he is still American like the rest of the class and should be considered equal. The tone of the essay and poem is different from the poem Incident by Countee Collen. This poem’s tone is complete opposite from the other poem and essay for Collen uses more of a doubtful tone. This poem is more about just being sad and bothered that blacks and whites are not equal instead of being hopeful for the equality of the two races that is soon to come like the other poem and essay. C. The perspectives on race in these texts are different than in To Kill a Mockingbird for in To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus believes that there is good and bad in everyone and that nobody should be hated or claimed as all bad. In the book, Scout asks Atticus if it is okay to hate Hitler but Atticus says that you shouldn’t hate anybody, no matter how bad they are because there is a good side to them. This shows that Atticus’ perspective on race is different from the authors of the poems and essay for the authors believe that the whites are bad people because blacks and whites are not equal. While Atticus is just like the authors for he wants equality between black and whites, his perspective is different for he believes that this equality will be brought once the good side comes out of the white people.

A World Without Children

A World Without Children A world without children would be a terrible place to live in. Everyone would know that mankind is dying and would soon be extinct. With kids around, the earth is a much happier place. Not because we know we’ll survive, but because children can brighten up anyone’s day. Children are essential for humans to prosper, and they bring the kindness and responsibility out of people. Newborns seem to be unaware of their surroundings, but in reality, they are taking in the sights, sounds, and smells of this new world.Toddlers are in the stage of becoming independent; they want to do things for themselves and have their own ideas about how things should happen. Preschool children want to touch, taste, smell, hear, and test things for themselves. School age children are often excited about going to school; their parents are still the most important people in their lives. For a start, the survival of humans would be impossible without children. There would be a select number of people living that would slowly die away, and then everyone is gone. Reproduction is very significant to us because it keeps our species at a stable population.Children are the next generation and without them there are no new generations. So basically, once reproduction stops it’s just a matter of time before mankind is no more. With no children our fate would be inevitable; we would become extinct. All children are important to the survival of mankind. Secondly, children make people responsible. With little ones around people are usually more careful. When you become a parent you have a lot more things that depend on you, so you need to become responsible to take care of all those things. Infants cannot take care of their daily needs, so they rely on their parents to do all these things from them.If children weren’t here people would be a lot less responsible. I believe some people would act as if they weren’t accountable for their action s. As an example, I had a cousin who was probably the most irresponsible person I knew. She spent her life partying and not seeing the consequences that could come from it. She had a child about a year ago, and from the way she has turned her life around you would have never known it was the same girl who went out every night to parties. I know from this that a child can really change everything about you.Knowing that you have control over someone’s life and have to take care of most everything for them can really change a person. Children are the ultimate responsibility. Furthermore, children can make people kind. Kindness is a big role in raising a child. You need to nurture them with love and compassion. All children need to feel loved and valued. Children who feel loved and successful have greater confidence and higher self-esteem. These qualities give them strength and resiliency to overcome disappointment and stress. A child left without feeling loved will have a hard l ife.Providing a child with care and attention can also promote development. Play promotes progress in all areas of development. Physical activities like playing tag, catch, or riding a bike help promote motor skills. Playing with puzzles helps children learn about sizes and shapes and how things fit together. Reading to children teaches them about letters, words, and ideas. Storytelling, pretend play, and drawing encourage creativity. When you play games like patty-cake and peek-a-boo it forms bonds with the child. Playing with them lets them know that they deserve your time and attention.This boosts their self-esteem, and it helps them learn to give and receive love. Playing board games and group games promotes social skills such as sharing, taking turns, resolving conflicts, and compromising. When playing with others, they learn how to develop and maintain friendships. Playing with others also teaches children to understand how their actions affect others around them. Gradually, c hildren will learn that cheating is wrong because it’s unfair to others. All of these things need to be put into action with kindness because kindness is one of the biggest roles in raising a child.As was previously stated, survival, responsibility, and kindness are my three thoughts on what the world would be like without children. I believe that without children people would become much less responsible. Because an abundance of people learn how significant responsibility is once they become parents, the world would lose track of their obligations much easier without the experience of very important responsibilities. Also, I think that kindness would be depleted drastically. People already know how to be nice, but when around children you learn a new type of kindness. I believe that children bring out the goodness in people.By showing kindness to children you help them develop self-esteem and teach them how to show kindness to others. The last reason of what I think the worl d would be like without children is the end of mankind. Without reproducing, humans would be gone, and that is inevitable. With no children there are no new generations being created. To put this to an end, I believe these are all valid points on what the world would be like without children. Without children I think the world would be a darker place. I wouldn’t want to live in it, and I don’t think anyone else would either.

How to write brand names - Emphasis

How to write brand names How to write brand names Brand identity is important to business, and having a brand name with impact is a big part of that. But when the name breaks the standard rules of English in its efforts to achieve that, it can present writers with a challenge. In many cases, the company itself will take a pragmatic approach. For example, Twitter spells its name with a lower-case t in its logo, but upper case in text. We do the same at Emphasis. But what do you do if the company consistently describes itself in non-standard English? Take insurance companies MORE THN and LV=, retail consultancy him! or the supermarket ASDA, for example. If you’re writing about ASDA and you need to refer to ASDA several times in a paragraph, the block capitals in the word ASDA can soon appear to shout at the reader and drown out the rest of the text on the page (like they do here). So should you prioritise the brand’s preferences or the readability of your documents? You need a house style If you don’t already have a house style and you’re starting from scratch, there are two broad approaches you can take. 1. Write the brand name exactly as the company does. You may wish to do this if the company is a client or partner, or if they have expressed a strong preference for the format of their name and you don’t want to upset them. Also, as rules go, it’s certainly the simplest to follow. 2. Bring the brand name in line with standard English. If your priority is literacy and ease of reading, or if you found yourself wincing at the third paragraph of this article, you may wish to take this approach. It’s OK to make small changes to the format of the brand name, so long as it is still clearly recognisable. If you decide to go with the second option, the rest of this article will take you through the areas you’ll need to consider. This may also be helpful if you already have a house style but it doesn’t tell you how to deal with the brand names mentioned above. In each case, we’ve made a recommendation, but it is only that – you may decide differently. Punctuation marks Some brand names, such as Yahoo! Which? and him! include a punctuation mark, which can be problematic – and not only because Word automatically capitalises the following word, thinking that you must be starting a new sentence. For a start, exclamation marks are generally frowned upon in formal writing, even when used correctly. So ending a sentence with ‘according to Yahoo!.’ looks doubly strange when combined with the extra punctuation. And an exclamation mark in the middle of a sentence, such as ‘Yahoo! has filed applications for two patents’, can feel disruptive. Many publications (the Guardian, the Sunday Times, the BBC) choose to omit the exclamation mark and simply write Yahoo. Others (the Times, the Telegraph) choose to retain it. Verdict: Yahoo – it’s still instantly recognisable. Even more difficult is him!, with its lower-cased h, which can leave writers wrangling with sentences such as: ‘The price-marked pack has been a source of confusion within the industry, according to him!.’ (Who is   Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhim’?, asks the reader.) For clarity, it’s necessary to add ‘retail consultancy’ before ‘him!’, but even then you’re still left with the awkward punctuation. him! told us that their brand name should always be written with the exclamation mark, and ‘always be lower case even at the start of a sentence’ (like this sentence, for example, which we wrote in agony). However, they admitted that many publications refused to follow these guidelines. Verdict: Him – him! is too confusing. The consumer magazine Which? throws up similar questions. In fact, it sometimes throws up extra questions where you don’t want them. ‘This research was compiled by Which?’, or ‘Which one performed best in the Which? test lab?’, for example. Which? told us:   Ã¢â‚¬ËœOur policy is to always include the question mark. We haven’t produced any guidance for the press, instead relying on our own presentational material to set the example.   We would encourage anyone who’s tempted to end a sentence with the word Which? to rewrite their sentence. Strange though the question mark may be, lopping it off also causes problems.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThis research was compiled by   Which’ and ‘Which one performed best in the   Which test lab?’ could be confusing, especially if your style is to write the names of publications without using italics. Verdict: Which? – the question mark is vital to understanding the brand name. Non-alphabet characters There are certain non-alphabetical characters that don’t trouble the reader at all. For example, Marks Spencer looks more natural than Marks and Spencer, as we are so used to seeing it in the high street and on TV. Even for a non-British readership, the ampersand is so widely used that it’s unlikely to jar. The same can’t be said, however, for MORE THN or LV=, which are unsettling to the eye, not to mention a pain to type. A   MORE THN spokeswoman told us:   Ã¢â‚¬ËœMORE THN   should always be presented in this way and not re-formatted to More Than’,   but we think that’s asking quite a lot. The Guardian’s style guide takes a zero-tolerance approach to   MORE THN, reading simply   Ã¢â‚¬ËœMore Than – not MORE THN, which is how the insurance arm of Royal Sun Alliance styles itself’. When it comes to LV=, however, most publications retain the   Ã¢â‚¬Ëœequals’   sign, because the company name is pronounced    ‘   LV equals’   (whereas the in   MORE THN is, thankfully, silent). Verdict: Marks Spencer, More Than, LV=. Stop SHOUTING There is a generally accepted rule for writing acronyms (a set of initials pronounced as a word) and initialisms (a set of initials pronounced as letters). Acronyms are written with the first letter capitalised, for example Unicef and Nasa, while initialisms are capitalised all the way through, for example IBM and BBC. However, some companies would have us write their names all in capital letters, even if they don’t actually stand for anything. For example, ASDA (a portmanteau of Asquith and Dairies), ASUS, GIGABYTE and UNISON, all of which are pronounced as words, not letters. Of course, they like this format because it makes them stand out. But unless you’re writing something with the aim of actively promoting that brand, there’s no reason why the brand name should stand out more than the other words in the document, which are equally important. Verdict: Asda, Asus, Gigabyte and Unison. As a general rule, if you can pronounce it as a word, only capitalise the first letter. If you pronounce every letter, capitalise them all. And then there’s Apple, with their fondness for putting a lower-case i in front of everything. However, iPad, iPod and iMac are now so widely recognised that to replace them with Ipad, Ipod and Imac would be pointlessly awkward. Verdict: iPad, iPod, iMac – but try to avoid putting them at the start of a sentence. When nouns become verbs In 2006, Google tried to stop media organisations using their name as a verb. A spokesman said at the time: ‘We think its important to make the distinction between using the word Google to describe using Google to search the internet, and using the word Google to describe searching the internet. It has some serious trademark issues.’ However, like Hoover before them, Google have largely failed in their mission to prevent their name from being genericised. The use of ‘to google’ as a verb with a lower-cased g has caught on and even entered both the Oxford and Collins dictionaries. Verdict: Google for the noun, google as a verb. But if you use a search engine other than Google, consider using ‘search the internet’ or ‘do an internet search’. Twitter are currently engaged in a smaller battle, over the word ‘tweet’, for which they acquired the trademark in October 2011. Though they have never objected to a lower-case t being used for the verb ‘to tweet’, they do object to the noun being lower cased. Their guidelines state: ‘Please remember to capitalize the T in Twitter and Tweet!’ However, no one except Twitter itself actually does, and this certainly feels like a fight that has already been lost. Verdict: Twitter, but tweet for both the verb and the noun. Trademarks Lastly, make sure you only use a trademarked brand name when you’re referring to something made by that brand. Do you mean Tetra Pak, or just generic cartons? Is it really a Portakabin, or is it a ‘portable cabin-style building’ (see this apology)? And if you do decide to tweak the style to make it more readable, make sure you retain the initial capital letter to signal that youre referring to a brand rather than a generic noun (except, of course, in the case of a certain brand of products beginning with i). The Guardian’s style guide sums it up nicely. ‘Take care: use a generic alternative unless there is a very good reason not to, eg ballpoint pen, not biro (unless it really is a Biro, in which case it takes a cap B); say photocopy rather than Xerox, etc; you will save our lawyers, and those of Portakabin and various other companies, a lot of time and trouble.’ Why not test your trademark awareness by taking our trademarks quiz? There are 12 questions, and in each case you need to decide whether the word is currently trademarked, was once trademarked or has never been trademarked. In conclusion If it’s an easy life you’re after, and you can stomach block capitals and strange punctuation marks, the simplest rule is to go with what the brand itself does. But you’ll still need to decide whether to follow their logo or how they present their name in official documents, such as company reports, because these aren’t always the same (see Twitter, for example). Or, if youre feeling bold, why not make a stand for legibility and carve out a house style of your own? Do you want to inform, inspire and persuade with your business documents? Our 64-page guide to professional writing, The Write Stuff, will help. Get your free copy here.

ethnic studies essays

ethnic studies essays America is a land often depicted for its freedoms and opportunities that one so hopefully desires to experience but when you take away the sugar coated deceptions of our beautiful America you get a life time of hate, endless sacrifices and many obstacles that minorities had to overcome to be accepted as an American. After the Civil War and during World War II their were many minorities that paved the way for others but in my opinion the two most recognized ethnic groups that were able to improve their political, social and economic positions within the United States history were African Americans and Native American people. In this essay I will discuss the Native Americans, African Americans as well as two articles in which, I gained very insightful knowledge from and show how all these works has made our America the home it has become today. Over the past hundred years are so, America has shown a great deal of discrimination against African American people. It first started when Africans were taken against their will and put on ships to be sent to America to become slaves for rich Caucasian people. Caucasians gave African Americans little or no rights and had many African Americans doing daily task such as, picking cotton, cooking, cleaning, babysitting, sewing and etc. After a while African American people began to realize that the treatment they were receiving was cruel, usual and violated their freedoms of being human beings. When the Civil War first started around 1939, many African Americans took part in the fight; because they wanted to be free from slavery but to get there they had overcome many hardships to accomplish their goals. After the Civil War everything changed politically, socially and economically. African Americans had the opportunity to become self-employed by owning their own land and running the ir own farms, instead of their masters plantation. They were also being paid by wages now. Slavery also became il...

Assignments 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignments 1 - Essay Example The company just arrived in North Sea fields several years ago. By the time LINK650 was setting up in North Sea fields, there was so much excitement about the arrival. This prompted many job seekers to apply for various technical and non-technical jobs within the company. One of the lucky people to have gotten the chance to work for LINK650 as a non-technical employee was Shaun O’Neil. Specifically, O’Neil was given a drilling job, which was dangerous but well-paying and with more time off. Having being selected among a pool of many applicants, O’Neil and his colleagues at LINK650 were so happy and enthusiastic about their new jobs. To them, this represented a great opportunity to showcase their talents, apply their knowledge, and gain some income. The new hires were initially pleased with the recruitment process that was used in selecting them. O’Neil was particularly impressed by the recruitment team because they showed concern about their welfare while working in the oil drills. It is only later on that it emerged that the recruiters were actually hired from a consulting firm with specialization in recruitment and hiring. Apparently, O’Neil and his colleagues had not actually met or interacted with any manager from the LINK Company during the entire recruitment and selection period. Just after a few months of starting work, real problems began to emerge. Although some of the new non-technical hires had previous experience on oil fields, they were shocked to find that the experience they found at LINK650 was not close to what they had anticipated. Their welfare and safety as employees working in dangerous conditions were not taken care of. They had to work under dirty and very cold conditions. This caused some of the employees to resign. As if that was not enough, the supervisors in the company were too harsh on the new hires. They treated the employees badly by being abusive blatantly

MGT ASSIGNMENT PART ONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT ASSIGNMENT PART ONE - Essay Example one example, there exists many such examples around the globe whereby strategic planning can seek to anticipate and ameliorate many of the challenges to profitability and change that exist within the current business environment. Furthermore, an evidence of tactical planning can be seen in the way in which BP has sought to further improve upon its safety performance in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon Oil spill within the Gulf of Mexico. Although BP was only partly responsible for the Macando Blow Out, the fact of the matter was that the incident was able to focus a high degree of oversight and introspection into the means whereby wells were drilled, caps were placed, and safety procedures were followed within the industry. More than being the greatest oil spill in history, the Macando Blow Out has provided BP with an exceptional opportunity to implement tactical planning on all of its oil drilling operations as a means of ensuring such an eventuality does not again occur. Finally, for the aspect of contingency planning that BP engages in, one can understand such a determinant also through the lens of the Macando Blow Out. What was evidenced at the time that the explosions and subsequent leak was first evidenced was the fact that BP was wholly and completely unprepared for dealing with a situation such as this; both on the tactical front as well as upon the contingency planning front. Rather than integrating a belief or understanding with the shareholders within the arena of public opinion that the firm was in control and was capable of dealing with the situation, what unfolded for the world to see was a firm that seemed to be muddling its way through the greatest oil spill in recorded human history. This destroyed consumer confidence and has left a very biased taste within the minds of shareholders that has yet to be erased. Although the majority of the damage from Deepwater horizon has since dissipated, the pervasive memory of how the firm dealt wit h

Principle of Electric Motor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle of Electric Motor - Essay Example If the current carrying conductor is bent in a rectangular loop, then the two opposite sides that are at right angles to the magnetic field will experience force (Hyper Physics, n.d.). The direction of the force on both rectangular loop sides will be opposite to each other and therefore will produce a torque to the loop and the loops will continuously rotate. In practical applications an electric motor have a large number of loops attached to the coil armature and the magnetic field is generally produced by large electromagnets. Mainly two types of electric motors are widely used and there is slight difference between the working principles of DC and AC electric motors. Working of DC and AC electric Motor: In DC electric motor electricity to the armature coil is supplied through a commutator. Commutator reverses the current after every half cycle so that the torque applied to the armature is in one direction only and thus the coil rotates in single direction. In an AC electric motor the AC current is passed through the rotating contacts. These rotating contacts are also called brushes and the main disadvantage of these AC motors is that a part of energy is wasted as heat, which also shorten the life of the electric motor, however in an AC motor the magnetic field is also produced by same AC voltage (Hyper Physics, n.d.).

Precepts of Ptah Essay Example for Free

Precepts of Ptah Essay Traditionally, Ptah is the creator and god of Memphis, the capital of Ancient Egypt. Historically, the mythological figure is much more. *** One of the most important gods of ancient Egypt was Ptah of Memphis, a creator god and a director of human destinies. Mrs. Holmbergs study is essentially a reference book based on ancient textual sources and is primarily directed toward the Egyptologist. In the last chapter Mrs. Holmberg wrestles with the origin of the belief in Ptah and exposes the current Egyptological perplexity about the origins of the worship of their historical gods. One leading theory is the notion that the Egyptians from the beginning recognized a supreme being under various names in different places. This being was the one primeval god, the creator god, and the continuing ruler of men and the other gods. In its extreme expression this view is a sort of practical monotheism, since the more important gods are brought together under one theological heading and the lesser gods are made clearly subordinate. The opposing theory is geopolitically evolutionary. This view would argue that the most primitive deities were countless local gods who were gradually reduced in number by the enlarging of political units through conquest and assimilation. As the Egyptian nation emerged, the more successful of these local gods became cosmic forces-in part through political elevation of one cult-center over others, in part through a process of syncretism, and in part through mans attempt to answer the questions of his cosmological and cosmogonic speculation. Mrs. Holmberg tends to hesitate between these two theories, and in the present state of our ignorance about prehistoric origins one can hardly blame her. 1 PTAH – HOTEP Ptah-Hotep a was well – known Egyptian sage (sage of Ptah, per se) that dates from around 2200 BCE. He may even have enjoyed a celebrity status. Whatever his fame, he was an advisor to the King and would have been viewed as a very high ranking official.A collection of precepts is attributed to him, although scholars debate the actual author (and dating) of the document. 1 The God Ptah by Maj Sandman Holmberg Review by: John A. Wilson The Journal of Religion , Vol. 28, No. 3 (Jul., 1948), p. 229 Published by: The University of Chicago Press CP 1 Ancient History Sourcebook: The Precepts of Ptah-Hotep, c. 2200 BCE Precepts of the prefect, the lord Ptah-hotep, under the Majesty of the King of the South and North, Assa, living eternally forever. The prefect, the feudal lord Ptah-hotep, says: O Ptah with the two crocodiles, my lord, the progress of age changes into senility. Decay falls upon man and decline takes the place of youth. A vexation weighs upon him every day; sight fails, the ear becomes deaf; his strength dissolves without ceasing. The mouth is silent, speech fails him; the mind decays, remembering not the day before. The whole body suffers. That which is good becomes evil; taste completely disappears. Old age makes a man altogether miserable; the nose is stopped up, breathing no more from exhaustion. Standing or sitting there is here a condition of . . . Who will cause me to have authority to speak, that I may declare to him the words of those who have heard the counsels of former days? And the counsels heard of the gods, who will give me authority to declare them? Cause that it be so and that evil be removed from those that are enlightened; send the double . . . The majesty of this god says: Instruct him in the sayings of former days. It is this which constitutes the merit of the children of the great. All that which makes the soul equal penetrates him who hears it, and that which it says produces no satiety. Beginning of the arrangement of the good sayings, spoken by the noble lord, the divine father, beloved of Ptah, the son of the king, the first-born of his race, the prefect and feudal lord Ptah- hotep, so as to instruct the ignorant in the knowledge of the arguments of the good sayings. It is profitable for him who hears them, it is a loss to him who shall transgress them. He says to his son: Be not arrogant because of that which you know; deal with the ignorant as with the learned; for the barriers of art are not closed, no artist being in possession of the perfection to which he should aspire. But good words are more difficult to find than the emerald, for it is by slaves that that is discovered among the rocks of pegmatite. If you find a disputant while he is hot, and if he is superior to you in ability, l ower the hands, bend the back, do not get into a passion with him. As he will not let you destroy his words, it is utterly wrong to interrupt him; that proclaims that you are incapable of keeping yourself calm, when you are contradicted. If then you have to do with a disputant while he is hot,  imitate one who does not stir. You have the advantage over him if you keep silence when he is uttering evil words. The better of the two is he who is impassive, say the bystanders, and you are right in the opinion of the great. 2 If you find a disputant while he is hot, do not despise him because you are not of the same opinion. Be not angry against him when he is wrong; away with such a thing. He fights against himself; require him not further to flatter your feelings. Do not amuse yourself with the spectacle which you have before you; it is odious, it is mean, it is the part of a despicable soul so to do. As soon as you let yourself be moved by your feelings, combat this desire as a thing that is reproved by the great. If you have, as leader, to decide on the conduct of a great number of men, seek the most perfect manner of doing so that your own conduct may be without reproach. Justice is great, invariable, and assured; it has not been disturbed since the age of Ptah. To throw obstacles in the way of the laws is to open the way before violence. Shall that which is below gain the upper hand, if the unjust does not attain to the place of justice? Even he who says: I take for myself, of my own free-will; but says not: I take by virtue of my authority. The limitations of justice are invariable; such is the instruction which every man receives from his father. Inspire not men with fear, else Ptah will fight against you in the same manner. If any one asserts that he lives by such means, Ptah will take away the bread from his mouth; if any one asserts that he enriches himself thereby, Ptah says: I may take those riches to myself. If any one asserts that he beats others, Ptah will end by reducing him to impotence. Let no one inspire men with fear; this is the will of Ptah. Let one provide sustenance for them in the lap of peace; it will then be that they will freely give what has been torn from them by terror. If you are among the persons seated at meat in the house of a greater man than yourself, take that which he gives you, bowing to the ground. Regard that which is placed before you, but point not at it; regard it not frequently; he is a blameworthy person who departs from this rule. Speak not to the great man more than he requires, for one knows not what may be displeasing to him. Speak when he invites you and your worth will be pleasing. As for the great man who has plenty of means of existence, his  conduct is as he himself wishes. He does that which pleases him; if he desires to repose, he realizes his intention. The great man stretching forth his hand does that to which other men do not attain. But as the means of existence are under the will of Ptah, one can not rebel against it. If you are one of those who bring the messages of one great man to another, conform yourself exactly to that wherewith he has charged you; perform for him the commission as he has enjoined you. Beware of altering in speaking the offensive words which one great person addresses to another; he who perverts the trustfulness of his way, in order to repeat only what produces pleasure in the words of every man, great or small, is a detestable person. If you are a farmer, gather the crops in the field which the great Ptah has given you, do not boast in the house of your neighbors; it is better to make oneself dreaded by ones deeds. As for him who, master of his own way of acting, being all-powerful, seizes the goods of others like a crocodile in the midst even of watchment, his children are an object of malediction, of scorn, and of hatred on account of it, while his father is grievously distressed, and as for the mother 3  who has borne him, happy is another rather than herself. But a ma n becomes a god when he is chief of a tribe which has confidence in following him. If you abase yourself in obeying a superior, your conduct is entirely good before Ptah. Knowing who you ought to obey and who you ought to command, do not lift up your heart against him. As you know that in him is authority, be respectful toward him as belonging to him. Wealth comes only at Ptahs own good-will, and his caprice only is the law; as for him who . . Ptah, who has created his superiority, turns himself from him and he is overthrown. Be active during the time of your existence, do no more than is commanded. Do not spoil the time of your activity; he is a blameworthy person who makes a bad use of his moments. Do not lose the daily opportunity of increasing that which your house possesses. Activity produces riches, and riches do not endure when it slackens. If you are a wise man, bring up a son who shall be pleasing to Ptah. If he conforms his conduct to your way and occupies himself with your affairs as is right, do to him all the good you can; he is your son, a person attached to you whom your own self has begotten. Separate not your heart from him. But if he conducts himself ill and transgresses  your wish, if he rejects all counsel, if his mouth goes according to the evil word, strike him on the mouth in return. Give orders without hesitation to those who do wrong, to him whose temper is turbulent; and he will not deviate from the straight path, and there will be no obstacle to interrupt the way. If you are employed in the larit, stand or sit rather than walk about. Lay down rules for yourself from the first: not to absent yourself even when weariness overtakes you. Keep an eye on him who enters announcing that what he asks is secret; what is entrusted to you is above appreciation, and all contrary argument is a matter to be rejected. He is a god who penetrates into a place where no relaxation of the rules is made for the privileged. If you are with people who display for you an extreme affection, saying: Aspiration of my heart, aspiration of my heart, where there is no remedy! That which is said in your heart, let it be realized by springing up spontaneously. Sovereign master, I give myself to your opinion. Your name is approved without speaking. Your body is full of vigor, your face is above your neighbors. If then you are accustomed to this excess of flattery, and there be an obstacle to you in your desires, then your impulse is to obey your passion. But he who . . . according to his caprice, his soul is . . ., his body is . . . While the man who is master of his soul is superior to those whom Ptah has loaded with his gifts; the man who obeys his passion is under the power of his wife. Declare your line of conduct without reticence; give your opinion in the council of your lord; while there are people who turn back upon their own words when they speak, so as not to offend him who has put forward a statement, and answer not in this fashion: He is the great man who will recognize the error of another; and when he shall raise his voice to oppose the other about it he will keep silence after what I have said. 4 If you are a leader, setting forward your plans according to that which you decide, perform perfect actions which posterity may remember, without letting the words prevail with you which multiply flattery, which excite pride and produce vanity. If you are a leader of peace, listen to the discourse of the petitioner. Be not abrupt with him; that would trouble him. Say not to him: You have already recounted this. Indulgence will encourage him to accomplish the object of his coming. As for being abrupt with the complainant because he described what passed when the injury was done, instead of complaining of the injury itself let it not be! The way to obtain a clear explanation is to listen with kindness. If you desire to excite respect within the house you enter, for example the house of a superior, a friend, or any person of consideration, in short everywhere where you enter, keep yourself from making advances to a woman, for there is nothing good in so doing. There is no prudence in taking part in it, and thousands of men destroy themselves in order to enjoy a moment, brief as a dream, while they gain death, so as to know it. It is a villainous intention, that of a man who thus excites himself; if he goes on to carry it out, his mind abandons him. For as for him who is without repugnance for such an act, there is no good sense at all in him. If you desire that your conduct should be good and preserved from all evil, keep yourself from every attack of bad humor. It is a fatal malady which leads to discord, and there is no longer any existence for him who gives way to it. For it introduces discord between fathers and mothers, as well as between brothers and sisters; it causes the wife and the husband to hate each other; it contains all kinds of wickedness, it embodies all kinds of wrong. When a man has established his just equilibrium and walks in this path, there where he makes his dwelling, there is no room for bad humor. Be not of an irr itable temper as regards that which happens at your side; grumble not over your own affairs. Be not of an irritable temper in regard to your neighbors; better is a compliment to that which displeases than rudeness. It is wrong to get into a passion with ones neighbors, to be no longer master of ones words. When there is only a little irritation, one creates for oneself an affliction for the time when one will again be cool. If you are wise, look after your house; love your wife without alloy. Fill her stomach, clothe her back; these are the cares to be bestowed on her person. Caress her, fulfil her desires during the time of her existence; it is a kindness which does honor to its possessor. Be not brutal; tact will influence her better than violence; her . . . behold to what she aspires, at what she aims, what she regards. It is that which fixes her in your house; if you repel her, it is an abyss. Open your arms for her, respond to her arms; call her, display to her your love. Treat your dependents well, in so far as it belongs to you to do so; and it belongs to those whom P tah has favored. If any one fails in treating his dependents well it is said: He is  a person . . . As we do not know the events which may happen tomorrow, he is a wise person by whom one is well treated. When there comes the necessity of showing zeal, it will then be the 5 dependents themselves who say: Come on, come on, if good treatment has not quitted the place; if it has quitted it, the dependents are defaulters. Do not repeat any extravagance of language; do not listen to it; it is a thing which has escaped from a hasty mouth. If it is repeated, look, without hearing it, toward the earth; say nothing in regard to it. Cause him who speaks to you to know what is just, even him who provokes to injustice; cause that which is just to be done, cause it to triumph. As for that which is hateful according to the law, condemn it by unveiling it. If you are a wise man, sitting in the council of your lord, direct your thought toward that which is wise. Be silent rather than scatter your words. When you speak, know that which can be brought against you. To speak in the council is an art, and speech is criticized more than any other labor; it is contradiction which puts it to the proof. If you are powerful, respect knowledge and calmness of language. Command only to direct; to be absolute is to run into evil. Let not your heart be haughty, neither let it be mean. Do not let your orders remain unsaid and cause your answers to penetrate; but speak without heat, assume a serious countenance. As for the vivacity of an ardent heart, temper it; the gentle man penetrates all obstacles. He who agitates himself all the day long has not a good moment; and he who amuses himself all the day long keeps not his fortune. Aim at fulness like pilots; once one is seated another works, and seeks to obey ones orders. Disturb not a great man; weaken not the attention of him who is occupied. His care is to embrace his task, and he strips his person through the love which he puts into it. That transports men to Ptah, even the love for the work which they accomplish. Compose then your face even in trouble, that peace may be with you, when agitation is with . . .These are the people who suc ceed in what they desire. Teach others to render homage to a great man. If you gather the crop for him among men, cause it to return fully to its owner, at whose hands is your subsistence. But the gift of affection is worth more than the provisions with which your back is covered. For that which the great man receives from you will enable your house to live, without speaking  of the maintenance you enjoy, which you desire to preserve; it is thereby that he extends a beneficent hand, and that in your home good things are added to good things. Let your love pass into the heart of those who love you; cause those about you to be loving and obedient. If you are a son of the guardians deputed to watch over the public tranquillity, execute your commission without knowing its meaning, and speak with firmness. Substitute not for that which the instructor has said what you believe to be his intention; the great use words as it suits them. Your part is to transmit rather than to comment upon. If you are annoyed at a thing, if you are tormented by someone who is a cting within his right, get out of his sight, and remember him no more when he has ceased to address you. 6 If you have become great after having been little, if you have become rich after having been poor, when you are at the head of the city, know how not to take advantage of the fact that you have reached the first rank, harden not your heart because of your elevation; you are become only the administrator, the prefect, of the provisions which belong to Ptah. Put not behind you the neighbor who is like you; be unto him as a companion. Bend your back before your superior. You are attached to the palace of the king; your house is established in its fortune, and your profits are as is fitting. Yet a man is annoyed at having an authority above himself, and passes the period of life in being vexed thereat. Although that hurts not your . . . Do not plunder the house of your neighbors, seize not by force the goods which are beside you. Exclaim not then against that which you hear, and do not feel humiliated. It is necessary to reflect when one is hindered by it that the pressure of authority i s felt also by ones neighbor. Do not make . . . you know that there are obstacles to the water which comes to its hinder part, and that there is no trickling of that which is in its bosom. Let it not . . . after having corrupted his heart. If you aim at polished manners, call not him whom you accost. Converse with him especially in such a way as not to annoy him. Enter on a discussion with him only after having left him time to saturate his mind with the subject of the conversation. If he lets his ignorance display itself, and if he gives you all opportunity to disgrace him, treat him with courtesy rather; proceed not to drive him into a corner; do not . . . the word to him; answer not in a  crushing manner; crush him not; worry him not; in order that in his turn he may not return to the subject, but depart to the profit of your conversation. Let your countenance be cheerful during the time of your existence. When we see one departing from the storehouse who has entered in order to bring his share of provision, with his face contracted, it shows that his stomach is empty and that authority is offensive to him. Let not that happen to you; it is . . . Know those who are faithful to you when you are in low estate. Your merit then is worth more than those who did you honor. His . . ., behold that which a man possesses completely. That is of more importance than his high rank; for this is a matter which passes from one to another. The merit of ones son is advantageous to the father, and that which he really is, is worth more than the remembrance of his fathers rank. Distinguish the superintendent who directs from the workman, for manual labor is little elevated; the inaction of the hands is honorable. If a man is not in the evil way, that which places him there is the want of subordination to authority. If you take a wife, do not . . . Let her be more contented than any of her fellow-citizens. She will be attached to you doubly, if her chain is pleasant. Do not repel her; grant that which pleases her; it is to her contentment that she appreciates your work. 7 If you hear those things which I have said to you, your wisdom will be fully advanced. Although they are the means which are suitable for arriving at the maat, and it is that which makes them precious, their memory would recede from the mouth of men. But thanks to the beauty of their arrangement in rhythm all their words will now be carried without alteration over this earth eternally. That will create a canvass to be embellished, whereof the great will speak, in order to instruct men in its sayings. After having listened to them the pupil will become a master, even he who shall have properly listened to the sayings because he shall have heard them. Let him win success by placing himself in the first rank; that is for him a position perfect and durable, and he has nothing further to desire forever. By knowledge his path is assured, and he is made happy by it on the earth. The wise man is satiated by knowledge; he is a great man through his own merits. His tongue is in accord with his mind; just are his lips when he speaks, his eyes when he gazes, his ears when he hears. The advantage of his son is to  do that which is just without deceiving himself. To attend therefore profits the son of him who has attended. To attend is the result of the fact that one has attended. A teachable auditor is formed, because I have attended. Good when he has attended, good when he speaks, he who has attended has profited, and it is profitable to attend to him who has attended. To attend is worth more than anything else, for it produces love, the good thing that is twice good. The son who accepts the instruction of his father will grow old on that account. What Ptah loves is that one should attend; if one attends not, it is abhorrent to Ptah. The heart makes itself its own master when it attends and when it does not attend; but if it attends, then his heart is a beneficent master to a man. In attending to instruction, a man loves what he attends to, and to do that which is prescribed is pleasant. When a son attends to his father, it is a twofold joy for both; when wise things are prescribed to him, the son is gentle toward his master. Attending to him who has attended when such things have been prescribed to him, he engraves upon his heart that which is approved by his father; and the recollection of it is preserved in th e mouth of the living who exist upon this earth. When a son receives the instruction of his father there is no error in all his plans. Train your son to be a teachable man whose wisdom is agreeable to the great. Let him direct his mouth according to that which has been said to him; in the docility of a son is discovered his wisdom. His conduct is perfect while error carries away the unteachable. Tomorrow knowledge will support him, while the ignorant will be destroyed. As for the man without experience who listens not, he effects nothing whatsoever. He sees knowledge in ignorance, profit in loss; he commits all kinds of error, always accordingly choosing the contrary of what is praiseworthy. He lives on that which is mortal, in this fashion. His food is evil words, whereat he is filled with astonishment. That which the great know to be mortal he lives upon every day, flying from that which would be profitable to him, because of the multitude of errors which present themselves before him every day. A son who attends is like a follower of Horus; he is happy after having attended. He becomes great, he arrives at dignity, he gives the same lesson to his children. Let none innovate upon the precepts of his father; let the same precepts form his lessons to his children. Verily, will his 8  children say to him, to a ccomplish what you say works marvels. Cause therefore that to flourish which is just, in order to nourish your children with it. If the teachers allow themselves to be led toward evil principles, verily the people who understand them not will speak accordingly, and that being said to those who are docile they will act accordingly. Then all the world considers them as masters and they inspire confidence in the public; but their glory endures not so long as would please them. Take not away then a word from the ancient teaching, and add not one; put not one thing in place of another; beware of uncovering the rebellious ideas which arise in you; but teach according to the words of the wise. Attend if you wish to dwell in the mouth of those who shall attend to your words, when you have entered upon the office of master, that your words may be upon our lips . . . and that there may be a chair from which to deliver your arguments. Let your thoughts be abundant, but let your mouth be under restraint, and you shall argue with the great. Put yourself in unison with the ways of your master; cause him to say: He is my son, so that those who shall hear it shall say Praise be to her who has borne him to him! Apply yourself while you speak; speak only of perfect things; and let the great who shall hear you say: Twice good is that which issues from his mouth! Do that which your master bids you. Twice good is the precept of his father, from whom he has issued, from his flesh. What he tells us, let it be fixed in our heart; to satisfy him greatly let us do for him more than he has prescribed. Verily a good son is one of the gifts of Ptah, a son who does even better than he has been told to do. For his master he does what is satisfactory, putting himself with all his heart on the part of right. So I shall bring it about that your body shall be healthful, that the Pharaoh shall be satisfied with you in all circumstances and that you shall obtain years of life without default. It has caused me on earth to obtain one hundred and ten years of life, along with the gift of the favor of the Pharoah among the first of those whom their works have ennobled, satisfying the Pharoah in a place of dignity. It is finished, from its beginning to its end, according to that which is found in writing. Source: From: Charles F. Horne, The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East (New York: Parke, Austin, Lipscomb, 1917), Vol. II: Egypt, pp. 62-78. Scanned by: J. S. Arkenberg, Dept. of History, Cal. State Fullerton This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. 9 Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. No representation is made about texts which are linked off-site, although in most cases these are also public domain. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use.  © Paul Halsall May 1998